Analisis Kaedah Taksiran Zakat Saham di Malaysia: Suatu Ulasan Komprehensif
(An Analysis of Zakat Assessment Methods on Shares in Malaysia: A Comprehensive Review)
Author
Muhammad Muthi ‘ul Fatah Yasin
Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Perlis
Ahmad Hamdani Fakhruddin Mukhtar
Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Perlis
Haji Mohd Nazim Mohd Noor
Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Perlis
DOI :
Keywords : Share zakat, Sunnah, justice, assessment methods, zakat institutions, maqasid al-shari‘ah.
Zakat saham, sunnah, keadilan, kaedah taksiran, institusi zakat, maqasid syariah.
Abstract : This article examines the assessment methods of zakat on shares implemented by zakat institutions in Malaysia, with a particular focus on evaluating them against the principles of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The study addresses the lack of uniformity across states in determining the valuation basis, classification of shares, recognition of costs, and the calculation of nisab. Such inconsistencies not only create confusion among zakat payers but also undermine the principles of justice and ease, which form the foundation of zakat implementation according to the Sunnah. A qualitative approach was adopted, using content analysis of official documents, zakat guidelines, and state fatwas. Findings indicate significant gaps between current practices and the principles of the Sunnah, especially in terms of clarity, fairness, and the concept of growing wealth (al-mal al-nami). The article proposes the development of a national guideline on zakat on shares, rooted in Sunnah and maqasid al-shari‘ah, to ensure a more standardized, just, and trustworthy implementation.
Artikel ini membincangkan kaedah taksiran zakat saham yang dilaksanakan oleh institusi zakat di Malaysia dengan memberi fokus kepada penilaian berasaskan prinsip sunnah Rasulullah SAW. Kajian ini dilaksanakan kerana wujudnya ketidakseragaman antara negeri dalam aspek penentuan asas nilai, klasifikasi saham, pengiktirafan kos dan penentuan nisab. Keadaan ini bukan sahaja menimbulkan kekeliruan dalam kalangan pembayar zakat, tetapi juga menjejaskan prinsip keadilan dan kemudahan yang menjadi asas kepada pelaksanaan zakat menurut sunnah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis kandungan dokumen rasmi, garis panduan institusi zakat, dan fatwa negeri. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa terdapat jurang ketara antara amalan semasa dengan prinsip sunnah, khususnya dari aspek kejelasan, keadilan dan pertumbuhan harta (al-mal al-nami). Artikel ini mencadangkan pembentukan garis panduan kebangsaan zakat saham yang berteraskan sunnah dan maqasid syariah bagi mewujudkan pelaksanaan yang lebih seragam, adil, dan diyakini masyarakat.
Journal Specification
The Journal of Awqaf, Zakat, and Hajj (Jawhar) is registered in MyJurnal, an online system by the Citation and Infometric Division, the Higher Education Department, MoHE. MyJurnal indexes Malaysian journals and provides bibliographic data and full-text articles across various disciplines, including Arts & Humanities, Engineering & Technology, Medical & Health Sciences, Sciences and Social Sciences.