Journal of Awqaf, Zakat and Hajj (JAWHAR)
Pembangunan Wakaf Kesihatan Kerajaan Uthmaniyah (1299-1922M)
(Healthcare Waqf Development of the Ottoman Empire (1299-1922 AD))

Author

Farhat Nazirul Mubin Bohari
Pusat Kajian Pengurusan Pembangunan Islam (ISDEV), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia (USM)

Dr Azreen Hamiza Abdul Aziz
Pusat Kajian Pengurusan Pembangunan Islam (ISDEV), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia (USM)

 

DOI : 

Keywords :waqf, healthcare waqf, Ottoman waqf

wakaf, wakaf kesihatan, wakaf Uthmaniyah

Published Date : 2025, June

Issue : Volume 3, No. 1 (2025)

Abstract : The Ottoman Empire that lasted for over six centuries was renowned for its waqf system that supported social and economic structure of the society. However, the aspect of healthcare waqf within the Ottoman Empire has received comparatively less attention in previous studies than other waqf functions such as education and religion. The current lack of waqf involvement in the healthcare sector also calls for a reassessment of historically proven models. This qualitative study aims to identify the establishment, analyze the evolution, and conclude the development of healthcare waqf in the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922 CE. It employs a descriptive content analysis of secondary sources obtained through library research. The findings reveal that healthcare waqf of the Ottoman Empire was influenced by Islamic traditions and the socio-political. It developed in the waqf complex that offered a variety of healthcare services funded by both productive and non-productive waqf assets. The healthcare waqf provided free treatment regardless of religion and contributed to medical education, training, and research. This study highlights the experience of Ottoman healthcare waqf as a reference model for empowering contemporary waqf-based healthcare systems and offers valuable insights for policymakers and waqf institutions in shaping new strategies to strengthen welfare and public health in today’s Muslim countries.

Kerajaan Uthmaniyah yang bertahan lebih enam abad terkenal dengan sistem wakaf yang menyokong struktur sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat. Namun, aspek wakaf kesihatan masih kurang diberikan perhatian dalam kajian terdahulu berbanding dengan fungsi wakaf lain seperti pendidikan dan keagamaan. Kekurangan peranan wakaf dalam sektor kesihatan masa kini turut menuntut pemahaman semula terhadap model-model bersejarah yang telah terbukti berkesan. Kajian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti penubuhan, menganalisis evolusi dan merumuskan pembangunan wakaf kesihatan Kerajaan Uthmaniyah dari tahun 1299 hingga 1922 Masihi. Kaedah analisis kandungan secara deskriptif digunakan terhadap sumber sekunder yang diperolehi melalui kajian kepustakaan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa wakaf kesihatan Kerajaan Uthmaniyah dipengaruhi oleh tradisi Islam dan sosial-politik. Ia berkembang dalam kompleks wakaf yang menyediakan pelbagai fasiliti kesihatan yang dibiayai oleh aset wakaf produktif dan tidak produktif. Wakaf kesihatan menyediakan rawatan percuma tanpa mengira agama dan turut menyumbang kepada pendidikan, latihan dan penyelidikan bidang perubatan. Kajian ini mengetengahkan pengalaman wakaf kesihatan Kerajaan Uthmaniyah sebagai model rujukan dalam memperkasa sistem wakaf kesihatan kontemporari dan memberi inspirasi kepada penggubal dasar dan institusi wakaf dalam membentuk strategi baharu bagi memperkukuh kebajikan dan kesihatan awam di negara-negara Islam masa kini.

 

Journal Specification

The Journal of Awqaf, Zakat, and Hajj (Jawhar) is registered in MyJurnal, an online system by the Citation and Infometric Division, the Higher Education Department, MoHE. MyJurnal indexes Malaysian journals and provides bibliographic data and full-text articles across various disciplines, including Arts & Humanities, Engineering & Technology, Medical & Health Sciences, Sciences and Social Sciences.